Prevalence and Characteristics of Persistent Postoperative Pain After Thoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of persistent (≥3 months) postoperative pain (PPP) after thoracic surgery. METHODS: For this purpose, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched for the prevalence and characteristics of PPP after thoracic surgery from their inception to May 1, 2022. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled prevalence and characteristics. RESULTS: We included 90 studies with 19,001 patients. At a median follow-up of 12 months, the pooled overall prevalence of PPP after thoracic surgery was 38.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34.1–42.3). Among patients with PPP, 40.6% (95% CI, 34.4–47.2) and 10.1% (95% CI, 6.8–14.8) experienced moderate-to-severe (rating scale ≥4/10) and severe (rating scale ≥7/10) PPP, respectively. Overall, 56.5% (95% CI, 44.3–67.9) of patients with PPP required opioid analgesic use, and 33.0% (95% CI, 22.5–44.3) showed a neuropathic component. CONCLUSIONS: One in 3 thoracic surgery patients developed PPP. There is a need for adequate pain treatment and follow-up in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.