Aluminium alloys and composites for electrochemical energy systems

Affordable and clean energy stands as a key component within the realm of sustainable development. As an integral stride toward sustainability, substantial endeavors have been dedicated to advancing electrochemical energy technologies aiming to improve energy efficiency. Al is the third most element in the earth's crust, finds extensive applications in various electrochemical energy systems. The volumetric capacity of Al (8046 mA h/cm3) is fourfold higher than Li (2042 mA h/cm3). In addition, the advantages of low cost, safety and environmental friendliness spurred widespread interest in utilizing Al-based alloys, composites, and nanostructured materials to create highly efficient electrodes for electrochemical energy storage systems. Despite its potential, Al-based materials face challenges such as passive oxide layer formation, self-corrosion and compatibility issues with electrolytes leading to low energy and power density, hindering the commercialization of Al-based technologies. This review concentrates on the pivotal role of Al-based materials across various electrochemical platforms such as supercapacitors, fuel cells, and batteries, particularly highlighting Al-air and Al-ion batteries. It explores charge storage mechanisms, methodologies, and the impact of nanostructures on electrochemical reactions. Additionally, it addresses the pertinent challenges associated with recently developed electrode materials and provides future directions for enhancing electrochemical energy conversion devices.