医学
共焦显微镜
生物标志物
糖尿病神经病变
周围神经病变
角膜
临床试验
共焦
病理
眼科
糖尿病
生物化学
化学
几何学
数学
内分泌学
生物
细胞生物学
作者
Ioannis N. Petropoulos,Georgios Ponirakis,Maryam Ferdousi,Shazli Azmi,Alise Kalteniece,Adnan Khan,Hoda Gad,Bilal Bashir,Andrew Marshall,Andrew J.M. Boulton,Handrean Soran,Rayaz A. Malik
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.04.003
摘要
ABSTRACT
Purpose
Diagnosing early diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains a challenge due to deficiencies in currently advocated end points. The cornea is densely innervated with small sensory fibers, which are structurally and functionally comparable to intraepidermal nerve fibers. Corneal confocal microscopy is a method for rapid, noninvasive scanning of the living cornea with high resolution and magnification. Methods
This narrative review presents the framework for the development of biomarkers and the literature on the use and adoption of corneal confocal microscopy as an objective, diagnostic biomarker in experimental and clinical studies of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar based on the terms "corneal confocal microscopy," "diabetic neuropathy," "corneal sensitivity," and "clinical trials." Findings
A substantial body of evidence underpins the thesis that corneal nerve loss predicts incident neuropathy and progresses with the severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Corneal confocal microscopy also identifies early corneal nerve regeneration, strongly arguing for its inclusion as a surrogate end point in clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies. Implications
There are sufficient diagnostic and prospective validation studies to fulfill the US Food and Drug Administration criteria for a biomarker to support the inclusion of corneal confocal microscopy as a primary end point in clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies in diabetic neuropathy.
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