Progress and perspective of electrochemical CO2 reduction on Pd-based nanomaterials

Electrochemical CO2 conversion into useful products using renewable electricity is a promising route to mitigate the potential challenges regarding large CO2 emissions into the environment. However, there are limitations in accomplishing its practical utilization. Recently, many efforts have been made into increasing electrochemical CO2 reduction (ERC) performance using Pd-based catalysts. The Pd-based materials have exhibited unique electrocatalytic characteristics for ECR since they can convert CO2 to HCOOH and CO with high selectivity at equilibrium potential and certain negative potential range, respectively. This review provides useful insights into the recent progress made on Pd-based electrocatalysts. Different factors of Pd-based catalysts influencing ERC performance, such as the effect of size, alloy, morphology, load, and core–shell have been discussed in detail. In the end, future prospects of Pd-based catalysts have been included to briefly highlight the important future considerations of this rapidly growing technology.