Data envelopment analysis (DEA) – Thirty years on

Abstract This paper provides a sketch of some of the major research thrusts in data envelopment analysis (DEA) over the three decades since the appearance of the seminal work of Charnes et al. (1978) [Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E.L., 1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research 2, 429–444]. The focus herein is primarily on methodological developments, and in no manner does the paper address the many excellent applications that have appeared during that period. Specifically, attention is primarily paid to (1) the various models for measuring efficiency, (2) approaches to incorporating restrictions on multipliers, (3) considerations regarding the status of variables, and (4) modeling of data variation.