Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Role of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a radical method of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment. In the 1990s CML became the most frequent indication for allo-HSCT worldwide. CML treatment drastically changed after tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) had been introduced into clinical practice. However, despite considerable progress achieved in treatment, low survival rate is observed in patients with CML either diagnosed at an advanced stage or characterized with resistance, TKI intolerance, and loss of response. For such patients allo-HSCT remains the only and the best treatment solution. The present article discusses current views on the importance of allo-HSCT for CML treatment in the era of extensive use of TKIs.