The article analyzes published and unpublished materials of employees of the State Colonization Research Institute. The main terminological positions of the early Soviet colonization experts and their evolution according to key concepts: “resettlement”, “colonization”, “kolonizatorstvo” are presented. The claims of experts to late-imperial colonization practices are noted. On the example of the changing terminological apparatus of Soviet colonization science, changes in the principles of the colonization program of the pre-war period are shown.