Orthognathic Surgery to Improve Facial Profile: Assessment, 3-Dimensional Planning, and Technique

Abstract A concave profile with class III malocclusion is most often due to a combination of maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular hyperplasia. Surgical correction entails normalization of jaw positions and is more challenging in the setting of concurrent asymmetry and open bite. Treatment should optimize both facial harmony and occlusion. Orthognathic surgery for class III deformities occurs at skeletal maturity and should address all aspects of the condition while preventing unnecessary emotional stress from delayed treatment. In this article, the authors describe the 3-jaw orthognathic surgery technique to address maxillary hypoplasia, mandibular prognathism, open bite, and mandibular asymmetry in a single procedure. The process of preoperative 3-dimensional (3D) virtual surgical planning, detailed surgical technique, fat grafting, and a comparison of preoperative and postoperative 3D aesthetic outcomes is presented. Additionally, a retrospective review of postoperative outcomes of 54 patients who received 3-jaw orthognathic surgery is presented as well.