Effect of carbofuran and carbosulfan following soil, seed and foliar application on plant growth of maize and reproduction of maize cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae

Carbosulfan seed treatment (25 ST) @ 2% w/w used alone or combined with either carbofuran soil application @ 0.5 or 1% or carbosulfan foliar spray @ 250 ug/ml was most effective in increasing plant growth characters of maize cv. Deccan -103 and reducing final population of maize cyst nematode Heterodera zeae. Even though carbofuran soil application @ lkg a.i.1 ha produced significantly lower number of eggs and juveniles per cyst, the final nematode population was greatly reduced by carbosulfan seed treatment (2% w/w).