Crystal phase, morphology evolution and luminescence properties of Eu3+‐doped BiPO4 phosphor prepared using the hydrothermal method

Abstract A series of Bi 1‐x Eu x PO 4 phosphors was successfully prepared using an easy citric acid‐ assisted hydrothermal method. The effects of synthesis temperature, amount of citric acid, and Eu 3+ concentration on the crystal phase, morphology, and luminescence properties were investigated. X‐ray diffraction results revealed that BiPO 4 :Eu 3+ formed a hexagonal phase at 80°C, although it transformed to a monoclinic phase when the hydrothermal temperature was increased to 160°C. Moreover, it was found that a small amount of Eu 3+ doping and the addition of citric acid introduced no secondary or related phases. The morphologies of the samples varied from nanoparticles to spherical microparticles to polyhedrons after the synthesis temperature was adjusted. Particle size was controlled by adding different amounts of citric acid. Under 394 nm excitation, the Bi 0.95 Eu 0.05 PO 4 phosphor prepared at 160°C with 0.3 g of citric acid had excellent luminescence properties. A possible crystal growth mechanism during this reaction is proposed.