Single noble metal atoms doped 2D materials for catalysis

Single atoms loaded on two-dimensional materials ([email protected]) have been broadly explored recently in the field of catalysis. Compared with conventional supports, 2D materials with large surface areas, unique geometric structure, and electronic properties can boost the catalytic performances of anchored single noble atoms (SNAs). Meanwhile, the monodispersed atoms not only show much higher atom utilization, than their bulk or nanoparticle counterparts, but also provide an alternative reaction pathway with excellent activity and selectivity. However, the combination of a 2D material with single atoms still comes across some challenges, such as low mass loading, difficulty in anchoring the single atoms on the 2D substrates, and difficulty in mass production. In this review, single noble-metal atoms based on two-dimensional materials ([email protected]) are critically discussed. First, [email protected] are generally introduced, including their definition, characterization, and their importance and advantages in catalysis. Then, the recent progress in using the [email protected] for the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermocatalytic reactions is thoroughly reviewed and critically discussed. The superiority and the disadvantages of [email protected] in each catalytic reaction are also considered. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in the synthesis and applications of [email protected] are clearly highlighted.