Advances in research on interactions between polyphenols and biology-based nano-delivery systems and their applications in improving the bioavailability of polyphenols

Plant polyphenols are considered to be one of the most biologically active natural ingredients for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Despite the protective effects of polyphenols, their low efficiency in delivery systems and poor bioavailability greatly limit their applications in functional foods and medicine. One potential solution is a polyphenol delivery system based on polymerized nanoparticles, which can enhance their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, improve their bioavailability, and deliver them to target organs. In this paper, the latest research progress of polyphenols loaded on biology-based nanoparticles was reviewed. The methods for preparing different bio-based nanomaterials, the interaction and characterization of nanoparticles in the transfer of polyphenols as a biological activity transport system, and the influence of the digestion and absorption characteristics of polyphenols on different nano-transport systems were also summarized. Key findings and conclusions: Bio-based nanoparticles, as an effective carrier of polyphenols, can improve the water soluble, stability and bioavailability of polyphenols by different biology-based nano-delivery system. In addition, the size of nanomaterials is critical to their various properties and applications. The ability to adjust the dimensions and properties of nanoparticles allows them to construct complexes with different polyphenolic substances, thereby altering their bioavailability and functional properties. Therefore, the polyphenol delivery system based on polymerized nanoparticles is a potential solution to enhance their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, improve their bioavailability, and deliver them to target organs.