Heterostructured materials

Heterostructured (HS) materials are a new class of materials that are composed of heterogeneous zones with dramatically different (>100 %) mechanical or physical properties. The interactive coupling between these heterogeneous zones produces a synergistic effect in which the integrated property exceeds the prediction by the rule-of-mixtures. HS materials possess superior mechanical or physical properties that are not achievable by their conventional homogenous counterparts. This review focuses primarily on structural HS materials, whose superior mechanical properties are enabled by a new scientific principle: hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening and HDI work hardening. Geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) in the soft zones pile up and accumulate near the zone boundaries, producing back stress in the soft zones and forward stress in the hard zones, which collectively produces the HDI stress. HS materials have a unique deformation behavior: formation of dispersive microscopic strain bands, which helps to distribute plastic strain over the whole gauge length, increasing uniform elongation. They can be readily produced using conventional industrial technologies and facilities at large scale and low cost. The superior properties, new materials science and great application potentials are driving the fast development of the HS materials field. This review is meant to introduce students and researchers to this emerging field, and to serve as an authoritative reference on HS materials.