Advantages and disadvantages of targeting senescent endothelial cells in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases based on small extracellular vesicles

With the growth of the aging population, age-related diseases have become a heavy global burden, particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial cell (EC) senescence constitutes an essential factor in the development of CVDs, prompting increased focus on strategies to alleviate or reverse EC senescence.