Robust topology optimization of piezoelectric actuators under uncertainties in material properties

Abstract Actuators designed using piezoelectric materials are widely used in micro-robotic systems. Although topology optimization is a systematic design approach with the potential to conceive a novel piezoelectric actuator, the optimality of the design cannot be guaranteed unless the material uncertainties resulting from complex fabrication are considered. Therefore, this study presents the optimal design of a piezoelectric actuator and investigates the impact of uncertainties on the designed layout. Specifically, this study introduces material uncertainties through Young’s modulus and the piezoelectric coefficient individually and concurrently, thus facilitating a comprehensive exploration of design robustness. The density-based topology optimization method used in this study incorporates the spatial distribution of material densities and polarities within the domain. To evaluate the robustness of the results of the proposed method, a thorough comparison with the Monte Carlo method (MC) results was conducted, revealing not only the robustness of the designed layouts but also enhanced computational efficiency.