Analysis of vehicle and pedestrian detection effects of improved YOLOv8 model in drone-assisted urban traffic monitoring system

This study proposes an improved YOLOv8 model for vehicle and pedestrian detection in urban traffic monitoring systems. In order to improve the detection performance of the model, we introduced a multi-scale feature fusion module and an improved non-maximum suppression (NMS) algorithm based on the YOLOv8 model. The multi-scale feature fusion module enhances the model’s detection ability for targets of different sizes by combining feature maps of different scales; the improved non-maximum suppression algorithm effectively reduces repeated detection and missed detection by optimizing the screening process of candidate boxes. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 model exhibits excellent detection performance on the VisDrone2019 dataset, and outperforms other classic target detection models and the baseline YOLOv8 model in key indicators such as precision, recall, F1 score, and mean average precision (mAP). In addition, through visual analysis, our method demonstrates strong target detection capabilities in complex urban traffic environments, and can accurately identify and label targets of multiple categories. Finally, these results prove the effectiveness and superiority of the improved YOLOv8 model, providing reliable technical support for urban traffic monitoring systems.