Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and antibacterial activity of pyrrolidine based hybrids: A review

Bacterial infections are a major health problem globally with a continuous increase in death cases. The drug-resistance problem is associated with the available antibiotics making them ineffective against bacterial strains leading to more problems in curing bacterial infections. About 1.2 million deaths have been reported in 2019 as a consequence of infections caused by various antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Pyrrolidine compounds, a prominent family of synthetic and natural plant metabolites exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. Significant antibacterial activity has been demonstrated in a wide range of synthetic pyrrolidine derivatives with numerous derivatizations including quinoline, spiro, thiazole, thiourea and many other derivatives. In addition to being discovered as promising antibacterial drugs, pyrrolidine compounds have the fewest side effects. These compounds have demonstrated an extraordinary ability to modulate a wide range of targets to produce excellent in vitro antibacterial activity, primarily against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The research examines the significance of pyrrolidine ring derivatives, the various substitution patterns on the ring site, stereo and specifically the structure-activity relationship (SAR) that influences the overall antibacterial activity of pyrrolidine-based hybrid compounds.