亚种
人口瓶颈
人口
海豹属
印章(徽章)
海狗
生物
生态学
人口规模
冰岛语
线粒体dna控制区
地理
动物
单倍型
考古
人口学
等位基因
生物化学
语言学
哲学
社会学
微卫星
基因
基因型
作者
Matti T. J. Heino,Tommi Nyman,Jukka U. Palo,Jenni Harmoinen,Mia Valtonen,Malgorzata Pilot,Sanni Översti,Elina Salmela,Mervi Kunnasranta,Risto Väinölä,A. Rus Hoelzel,Jouni Aspi
摘要
The Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) is endemic to Lake Saimaa in Finland. The subspecies is thought to have originated when parts of the ringed seal population of the Baltic region were trapped in lakes emerging due to postglacial bedrock rebound around 9000 years ago. During the 20th century, the population experienced a drastic human-induced bottleneck. Today encompassing a little over 400 seals with extremely low genetic diversity, it is classified as endangered. We sequenced sections of the mitochondrial control region from 60 up to 125-years-old museum specimens of the Saimaa ringed seal. The generated dataset was combined with publicly available sequences. We studied how genetic variation has changed through time in this subspecies and how it is phylogenetically related to other ringed seal populations from the Baltic Sea, Lake Ladoga, North America, Svalbard, and the White Sea. We observed temporal fluctuations in haplotype frequencies and loss of haplotypes accompanied by a recent reduction in female effective population size. In apparent contrast with the traditionally held view of the Baltic origin of the population, the Saimaa ringed seal mtDNA variation also shows affinities to North American ringed seals. Our results suggest that the Saimaa ringed seal has experienced recent genetic drift associated with small population size. The results further suggest that extant Baltic ringed seal is not representative of the ancestral population of the Saimaa ringed seal, which calls for re-evaluation of the deep history of this subspecies.
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