Implantoplasty vs. Rotating Titanium Brushes in the Surgical Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis: A 1‐Year Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate treatment outcomes following implantoplasty or the use of rotating titanium brushes in the surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with peri‐implantitis in need of surgical treatment were enrolled in a 12‐month randomised clinical trial with a non‐inferiority set‐up. Surface decontamination was performed using either titanium brushes (test group) or implantoplasty (control group). Clinical and radiographic parameters as well as patient‐reported outcomes (Oral Health Impact Profile‐14; OHIP‐14) were evaluated. Results At 12 months, the composite outcome was achieved in 6/15 implants in the test group and in 4/15 in the control group. Probing pocket depth (PPD) values decreased by 3.6 ± 1.5 mm (test) and 3.3 ± 1.2 mm (control), demonstrating non‐inferiority of the test procedure. Additional bone loss was observed in the control group (0.7 ± 1.2 mm), while bone levels remained unchanged in the test group (0.0 ± 0.6 mm). Baseline PPD ( p = 0.044) and the presence of an adjacent implant affected by peri‐implantitis ( p = 0.033) were relevant factors for pocket closure (PPD ≤ 5 mm at 12 months). Time for surface decontamination was significantly less in the test (3 min 1 s) when compared to the control group (5 min 27 s) ( p = 0.006). OHIP‐14 scores were statistically indifferent. Conclusion Both groups showed favourable outcomes, demonstrating non‐inferiority of titanium brushes to implantoplasty. Trial Registration: The trial was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service of the National Research Institute of Health (South Korea), no. KCT007900. ( https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=23346&search_page=L )