Securing interfacial cationic copper for acidic CO2 reduction to ethylene

The interfacial oxygen derived from CuO offers a high charge density of Cu, facilitated by electron transfer from Zr/Y to Cu, leading to a shortened Cu-O bond and enhances stabilization against reduction. This interface engineering strategy not only protects cationic metals under reducing and acidic conditions but also provides valuable insights applicable across heterogeneous catalysis.