Oral (poly)peptide delivery: On the emulsifying properties of inverted lipid phases under gastrointestinal conditions

INTRODUCTION: ) with and without emulsifying agents. A central aim was to assess whether reverse micelle-based lipid systems enable sufficient self-emulsification in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract under physiological bile salt conditions to facilitate systemic absorption of polypeptides. METHODS: ) incorporating a non-ionic surfactant, were developed. Emulsification capacity was evaluated via turbidity measurements in bile salt-containing media (5-20 mM). Emulsification kinetics of se-ILP were assessed in water, simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). In vivo performance was evaluated in rats using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model polypeptide. RESULTS: . CONCLUSION: outperformed wet systems, likely due to reduced water uptake and improved structural integrity.