Maintenance and consolidation strategies for patients with untreated advanced follicular lymphoma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized trials

Abstract Background The emergence of novel and efficient antibody maintenance approaches has provided more options for post‐induction treatment of advanced follicular lymphoma (FL), and further comparisons are required to determine the most clinically beneficial regimen. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the maintenance or consolidation strategy. Methods The authors performed two independent searches in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane library databases, Scopus, and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating maintenance or consolidation therapy in untreated FL patients. Extracted data included the clinical characteristics, treatment regimen, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse effects. They then pooled the data and used a Bayesian random‐effects model to combine direct comparisons with indirect evidence. Results The authors screened 1515 records and identified 13 eligible RCTs that assessed nine different regimens in 5681 advanced FL patients. Reconstructed individual survival data presented that obinutuzumab had the highest effect sizes and certainty of the evidence for PFS (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.22–0.79) and tolerability compared with observation. However, no benefit was observed in patients according to the OS, regardless of which regimen was taken. Considering other regimens, although an extended course of rituximab maintenance and consolidation therapies presented PFS benefits compared with standard rituximab maintenance, they were also associated with higher toxicity. Conclusions Although obinutuzumab and rituximab maintenance treatment improved PFS significantly, its clinical benefit requires further validation in larger populations. Furthermore, because few trials informed each treatment comparison, research is needed to refine the understanding of this complex and rapidly evolving treatment landscape.