A review: Synthetic approaches and biological applications of triazole derivatives

The triazole scaffold is a key element in heterocyclic chemistry, giving a fundamental building block in organic, medicinal chemistry, and material science chemistry. Triazole composed of a 5-membered heterocyclic ring with three N-atoms and two double bonds. Triazole fragment exhibits favourable bioavailability, facilitating the synthesis of wide range of compounds with excellent biological importance. Decades of research highlights the therapeutic potential, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antitumor, and analgesic effects. This review focuses (2011-2023) on recent advancement in the synthesis of triazole derivatives from different nitrogen sources, and displaying their biological functions, structural modification, and bioavailability, emphasizing the importance of N-containing heterocycles in pharmaceuticals and sensing. Researchers, especially those who focused on the development of triazole derivatives with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular and antiviral properties, will find this review is highly significant.