Advancements in CO2 capture by absorption and adsorption: A comprehensive review

In the face of escalating global climate challenges, effective carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture techniques remain at the forefront of mitigating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This comprehensive review elucidates the latest advancements in CO₂ capture, emphasizing two predominant methodologies: absorption and adsorption. We delve into the mechanisms underlying each process, highlighting the novel materials and technologies that have emerged over recent years. For absorption, the focus is placed on the material design strategy, and identifying new materials in the class of amines, ionic liquids (ILs) and nanofluids for enhanced CO2 capture capacities and reduced energy requirements. In the realm of adsorption, the synthesis of innovative adsorbents, such as metal organic framework (MOF), organic polymers, inorganic adsorbents, silicon-based adsorbents, and biochar and byproducts from biomass with superior selectivity and stability, is explored. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges associated with each method, offering insights into potential avenues for further research. By providing a holistic overview of the current landscape of CO₂ capture, this article serves as a pivotal resource for researchers and industry professionals aiming to advance sustainable solutions to combat climate change.