Integration of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine with modern biomedicine: the scientization, evidence, and challenges for integration of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional medicine has garnered significant global recognition, with an estimated 80% of the global population using it. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the integration of traditional medicines into current healthcare systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the standard process to modernize traditional medicine scientifically in the context of modern biomedicine, further termed here as “scientization”. Specifically, we aim to summarize the advancements made in understanding the efficacy, effectiveness, and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicine. We also examined the transition from experience- to evidence-based medicine during acupuncture. Furthermore, we explore the development of universal safety and quality control standards. Finally, we discuss international trade and export markets for Chinese medical products. The development and integration of traditional medicine have allowed it to further improve human health, resulting in a more comprehensive health solution for the global population.