Combined Verapamil-Polydopamine Nanoformulation Inhibits Adhesion Formation in Achilles Tendon Injury Using Rat Model

These data suggest that VP-PDA NPs reduced adhesion formation and enhanced tendon healing during rat tendon injury. Since topical verapamil has been used in clinics without side effects, VP-PDA NPs would have direct translation implications. However, its anti-adhesive effects on intrasynovial tendon injury must be examined.