Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) synthesis methods, surface functionalization, and drug delivery applications: A review

g-C3N4 has been employed in a variety of fields such as photocatalytic reactions for hydrogen generation, energy production, environmental remediation, and microbial disinfection. Currently, numerous works are dedicated to the biomedical usage of g-C3N4 thanks to its thermal, chemical, and electrical stability, its particular surface activity, biocompatibility, and viability. This paper provided a thorough review of the structure, characteristics, and approaches towards functionalizing the surface and fabricating techniques of g-C3N4 and its composites as an appropriate element for drug delivery purposes, especially for cancer therapy with controlled and responsive drug release behavior.