The role of compartmentalized β‐AR/cAMP signaling in the regulation of lipolysis in white and brown adipocytes

White and brown adipocytes are central mediators of lipid metabolism and thermogenesis, respectively. Their function is tightly regulated by all three β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) subtypes which are coupled to the production of the second messenger 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). While known for decades in other cell types, compartmentation of adipocyte β‐AR/cAMP signaling by spatial organization of the pathway and by cAMP degrading phosphodiesterases (PDEs) as well as its role in the regulation of lipolysis is only beginning to emerge. Here, we provide a short overview of recent findings which shed light on compartmentalized signaling using live cell imaging of cAMP in adipocytes and discuss possible future directions of research which could open up new avenues for the treatment of metabolic disorders.