Gamma-terpinene counteracts in vivo dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition characterized by impaired barrier function and underlying inflammation. Monoterpenes, a diverse class of secondary metabolites commonly found in essential oils, have been extensively documented for their potent anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of gamma-terpinene (GT) on dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis in a murine model. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were conducted to assess skin lesions and ear edema, along with the assessment of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in skin tissues. Histopathological analysis revealed a reduction in skin thickness, spongiosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, along with the presence of blisters and vesicles in both the epidermis and dermis. Additionally, cellular disarrangement and dermal fibrosis were observed. GT significantly decreased ear edema, serum IgE, and LDH levels, along with the expression of tissue IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Therefore, the potential anti-inflammatory response induced by GT in atopic dermatitis suggests its potential for the development of GT-based therapies for chronic inflammatory skin disorders.