Policy, Regulation, and Risk Assessment of Nano-Enabled Agrochemicals

Nanotechnology is being used for the remarkable transformations in the agriculture sector. The nano-enabled agrochemicals have demonstrated enhancements in crop yields and nutrient use efficiency (NUE). In comparison to conventional agrochemicals, the nano-enabled agrochemicals have significantly reduced the environmental pollution. Having said that, the widespread applications of nanomaterials in agriculture have raised serious concerns about regulatory, toxicological, and environmental issues. On that account, ensuring the safe application of nano-enabled agrochemicals requires a robust policy framework supported by well-defined risk assessment strategies. This chapter critically examines current global policies, regulatory approaches, and environmental risk assessment (ERA) methodologies associated with nano-agrochemicals. It focuses on existing regulatory gaps and the methodological challenges that continue to limit effective governance. It provides an interdisciplinary perspective by combining environmental chemistry, toxicology, regulatory science, and agricultural technology.