Immunomodulatory effect of rice bran peptides on RAW264.7 cells

< 0.01). They also facilitated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and significantly increased the content of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These findings suggest that RBPs have the potential to serve as a natural food-derived immunomodulatory factor.