Manajemen Green Port dan Dekarbonisasi Maritim: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis tentang Penggerak Digital, Integrasi ESG, dan Kinerja Pelabuhan

The maritime industry is the backbone of global trade that faces demands to reduce environmental impact. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) through the 2023 GHG Strategy targets net-zero greenhouse gas emissions around 2050. Ports as a node of the global supply chain are required to implement green port management to support the decarbonization process. This study examines the literature on green port management with a focus on sustainability strategies, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration, technological innovation, and its impact on port performance. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on the Scopus database which resulted in 912 initial records. After screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 108 indexed articles for the 2018–2025 period were selected for final analysis. Thematic synthesis and descriptive bibliometric analysis were used to evaluate the port's sustainability strategy and operational performance. The findings identify six key themes: Environmental Management and Circular Economy, Energy Efficiency and Green Infrastructure, Digital Green Ports and Smart Technologies, ESG and Governance, Stakeholder Management and Green Shipping Corridors, and Green Innovation. Green infrastructure such as Onshore Power Supply (OPS) requires high capital costs, while digitalization through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digital Twin improves energy efficiency. This review presents a Green Port Model based on the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) as well as a research agenda for academics and policymakers.