Comparison the Effect of Breast Milk Smell, White Noise and Facilitated Tucking Applied to Turkish Preterm Infants During Endotracheal Suctioning on Pain and Physiological Parameters

Purpose This study aimed to determine the effect of the breast milk smell, white noise and facilitated tucking during endotracheal suctioning (ES) on pain and physiological findings. Design and methods The present study was conducted as a randomized, controlled experimental trial study. The sample of the study was composed of a total of 80 preterm infants. Pain was measured with PIPP-R pain scale. rMANOVA and bonferroni tests were used in the comparison of the pain scores of the groups. Results It was determined that white noise and facilitated tucking were more effective in relieving infants before ES procedure (p < .05). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in reducing the pain during ES procedure (p > .05). After the procedure, facilitated tucking was determined more effective in the recovery of preterm infants (p < .05). Practice implications It is recommended to use facilitated tucking and white noise for decreasing pain of ventilated preterm infants during the ES procedure. Conclusions White noise and facilitated tucking were effective in relieving pain before procedure and facilitated tucking recovery in preterm infants after the ES procedure.