Fracture toughness of some high density PM steels

Tensile strengths, impact energies, and fracture toughness data are presented for pure Fe–0·5C, Astaloy A with 0·2 and 0·6%C, and for Distaloy AB–0·6%C at relative densities of about 0·9, achieved by conventional pressing and sintering, and at close to 1·0, achieved by powder forging. At low relative density, properties are controlled by sizes of sinter necks; it is postulated that toughness scales as (x/a)4, x/a being the ratio of neck diameter to particle diameter. At high relative density, microvoid coalescence and good toughness is observed for low strength micro-structures whereas cleavage and poor toughness is a concomitant of high strength.