Strain Sensors

Abstract The sections in this article are Origin of Strain Gauges Concept of Stress and Strain Basic Operating Principle of the Strain Gauge Strain Sensitivity/Gauge Factor Features of an Ideal Strain Gauge General Classes of Strain Gauges Strain Sensitivity Dependence Use of the Wheatstone Bridge Thin Film Technology for Strain Gauges and Strain Gauge Based Sensor Development Physical Vapor Deposition Bias Sputtering Chemical Methods Methods to Determine the Gauge Factor of Strain Gauges Application of Strain Gauges in Other Measuring Systems Pressure Transducer Load Cells Summary Appendix 1. A Chronology of the Major Milestones in the History of Strain Gauge Development