Sorption in the chemistry of rare earth elements

Sorption methods for the concentration and separation of rare earth elements are reviewed. Sorbents based on organic polymers, specifically strongly and weakly acidic cation exchangers, anion exchangers, and complexing sorbents, are successively considered. Data on the use of inorganic sorbents and solid phase extractants in the rare earth chemistry are also given. Considerable attention is paid to hybrid organomineral materials constituting a promising class of sorbents. Advantages and disadvantages of using biosorbents, molecularly imprinted sorbents, and nanosorbents for the concentration and separation of rare earths are discussed.