Everted gut sac model as a tool in pharmaceutical research: limitations and applications

OBJECTIVES: This review discusses the limitations and applications of the everted gut sac model in studying drug absorption, metabolism, and interaction. KEY FINDINGS: The mechanism of drug absorption, interaction and the effect of factors such as age, sex, species, chronic therapy, and disease state on drug absorption have been summarized. The experimental conditions and their effects on the outcomes of trials have been discussed also. SUMMARY: The everted sac model is an efficient tool for studying in-vitro drug absorption mechanisms, intestinal metabolism of drugs, role of transporter in drug absorption, and for investigating the role of intestinal enzymes during drug transport through the intestine.