Objective To sum up the progress of researches on bone loss induced by microgravity in recent years. Literature resource and selection Related published articles in this field home and abroad. Literature quotation Forty references were cited. Literature synthesis The effects of microgravity on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast were described in detail. The effects of microgravity on the differentiation process from BMSCs to mature osteoblast and its possible mechanism were emphatically introduced. Conclusions Microgravity affects the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast and the differentiation process from BMSCs to mature osteoblast, so as results in the decrease of osteoblast quantity and activity, and induces bone loss in space flight.