Sulfur Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles: Solid State Synthesis and Performance for Visible-Light Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat

Sulfur doped tin oxide(S-Sn O2) nanoparticles with high visible light-driven activity was synthesized by a facile solid state synthesis approach at low temperature using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) as a template. The samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, UV-Vis, HR-TEM, and FTIR. The doping mechanism and photocatalytic degradation of paraquat under visible light irradiation were investigated. The results show that the SDBS has a significant regulating effect on the surficial structure for both Sn O2 and S-Sn O2 prepared by solid state synthesis. The S element is successfully incorporated into the lattice of Sn O2 with S(Ⅳ) and S(Ⅵ) rather than embeds into the interstice of Sn O2 lattice. S-doping enhances the photocatalytic activity of Sn O2 due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyls on the surface and S (Ⅵ) in the lattice of Sn O2 benefiting the light absorption and effective charge separation, and it follows an order of Sn O2S-Sn O2Sn O2(SDBS)S-Sn O2(SDBS).