It applied the research method of sociology to systematically analyzing the Chinese social and sports population structures, so as to reveal their basic characteristics. The results show that there exist contrasts between the age structures of the Chinese sports population and the Chinese population, and between the sex structures of the above two kinds of population. With the progress of Chine overall constructing its comparatively well-off society, the regulation of the structures of industry employment and education, as well as the municipalized development, sports population will increase greatly.