Introducing reticular chemistry into biosystems

Reticular chemistry is the chemistry of linking molecular building units through strong bonds to create extended crystalline structures, such as metal–organic frameworks, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, and covalent-organic frameworks. These frameworks possess exceptional characteristics, including tunable porosity, structural versatility, chemical composition variability, and diverse functionalities within the framework backbone. Leveraging the distinct attributes of reticular chemistry and biosystems has resulted in significant advancements in biocatalysis, nanomedicine, and biosensing fields. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the significant milestones achieved in the integration of reticular chemistry and biosystems. We begin by summarizing the general self-assembly strategies employed in reticular chemistry and biosystems. Subsequently, we delve into the strategies utilized to comprehend and regulate the unique nano-bio interfaces. Moreover, we extensively review cutting-edge biomedical applications that leverage reticular chemistry and biosystems, including protein/drug delivery and nanofactories for the treatment of intractable diseases, on-site biosensing, and biocatalysis. Lastly, we address the major challenges that need to be tackled to pave the way for future research endeavors in this exciting interdisciplinary field. By exploring the synergistic possibilities between reticular chemistry and biosystems, we anticipate significant advancements and breakthroughs that will shape the future of nanomaterials and bioapplications.