Marine Natural Products as Drug Leads: A Recent Overview of Bioactivity and Mechanistic Insights

The unique environment of the oceans has significantly contributed to the specificity and diversity of marine organisms, resulting in marine natural products (MNPs) that possess complex structures and a wide array of bioactivities. These products provide valuable biological resources and compound sources for the screening and discovery of marine drugs. In recent decades, MNPs have demonstrated remarkable and potent biological activities, garnering global attention. The distinctive properties and mechanisms of action of MNPs present new opportunities and methodologies to enhance the development of novel drugs. This review seeks to present an overview of MNPs that have demonstrated notable bioactivity in recent years, with particular emphasis on their distinct mechanisms of action. By highlighting these unique activities, the review aims to provide valuable insights to guide the development of marine-derived pharmaceuticals.