Electrochemical performance and durability of high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells with SFM and SFM-GDC fuel electrodes for hydrogen and syngas production

SFM-based single cells show high performance but poor long-term stability under steam electrolysis due to a dense interlayer formation at the SFM/GDC interface. In contrast, the cells with composite SFM-GDC electrodes exhibit exceptional durability.