Recent advances in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) for catalysis

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) constitute an emerging class of crystalline porous materials assembled from monomers via hydrogen bonding. These materials exhibit high porosity, chemical diversity and structural tunability, as well as excellent biocompatibility. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the self-assembly mechanisms of HOFs, as well as the strategies for designing functionalized HOFs and their nanocomposites. Emphasis is placed on the application of HOFs in various fields of heterogeneous catalysis, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and biocatalysis. Furthermore, the current challenges and prospects of HOF-based catalysts are critically discussed.