Effects of wall groove misalignment on viscoplastic flow dynamics in superhydrophobic channels

In viscoplastic Poiseuille flows over superhydrophobic surfaces, misalignment between lower and upper grooves alters flow characteristics. Adjusting groove misalignment along with key dimensionless parameters---offset number, Bingham number, slip number, groove periodicity, and slip area fraction---affects velocity distributions, plug morphology, and yielded/unyielded zones. Misalignment intensifies velocity and strain rate deviations, leading to plug deformation, asymmetry, and potential breakage. Four distinct regimes of center plug morphology emerge, highlighting the complex interplay between misalignment and viscoplastic flow behavior.