Recovery strategies and mechanisms of anammox reaction following inhibition by environmental factors: A review

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological method for treating nitrogen-rich, low-carbon wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology in actual engineering is easily limited by environmental factors. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the anammox restoration strategies. The latest progress has significantly helped address the issue of poor reaction performance following the inhibition of anammox. This review systematically outlines the strategies employed to recover anammox performance following inhibition by conventional environmental factors and emerging pollutants. Additionally, strategies aimed at promoting anammox activity and enhancing nitrogen removal performance are comprehensively summarized, offering valuable insights into the current research landscape in this field. The review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of restoration strategies of anammox-based technologies.