Tunable Trion-Polaritons in Hybrid WS2-Plasmonic System

The profound interplay between Two-Dimensional (2D) Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) and cavity photons has facilitated a deeper understanding of the fundamental physical properties of many-body complexes and their response to light interaction. The intrinsic properties of trions in TMD semiconductors, together with their interaction with light, remain a scientific puzzle warranting experimental investigation. Here, by integrating WS2 flakes on a plasmonic metasurface, we demonstrate dynamically tunable weak, strong and ultra-strong couplings of trions to plasmons under ambient conditions. We demonstrate dynamically tunable couplings of trions to plasmons, demonstrating the potential to manipulate these interactions even at room temperature. In addition, the investigation extends to the effects of ultrastrong coupling on the ground state energy, providing insights into the tunable nature of trion-plasmon coupling. The results pave the way for advances in optoelectronic devices and quantum technologies that exploit the tunability of trion polaritons in hybrid WS2-plasmonic systems.