A porous metal–organic framework (Pd-MOF) as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the C–O cross-coupling reactions

Abstract This report outlines the development of a novel and efficient metal–organic framework (MOF) synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction using palladium acetate salt and trimesic acid as the organic ligand. A series of detailed analyses, including FT-IR, XRD, EDS, TEM, XPS, BET, ICP, and SEM, were performed to characterize the resulting MOF. These analyses confirmed the successful integration of Pd within the metal–organic framework structure. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis assessed the porosity of the Pd-T-MOF metal–organic framework. The specific surface area was measured at 206.3 m 2 /g based on isotherms. Using the BJH method, the total pore volume was calculated as 0.4 cm 3 /g, with an average pore diameter of 2.8 nm. The catalyst demonstrated exceptional catalytic performance and stability in facilitating the C–O cross-coupling reaction. The proposed protocol offers several advantages, such as catalyst reusability, mild reaction conditions, high product yields ranging from 58 to 98%, and short reaction times between 30 and 120 min. Furthermore, the adaptable nanocatalyst (Pd-T-MOF) can be easily separated from the reaction mixture via centrifugation and reused across four successive cycles with only a slight decrease in efficiency.