Multiple Myeloma Unpacked

ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. The current treatment landscape for multiple myeloma involves a combination of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and autologous stem cell transplantation, which have significantly improved survival outcomes in recent years. However, the disease remains challenging, particularly in relapsed and refractory cases. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating new therapeutic options, including chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugate and novel agents like Cereblon E3 Ligase Modulatory Drugs. This review summarizes the key diagnostic criteria, prognostic features, response assessment for MM and highlights the current treatment landscape.