Coupled transport and electrochemical characteristics in redox flow batteries

With widespread public attention to long-duration energy storage technologies, redox flow batteries are attracting increasing interests of researchers due to their intrinsic safety and good design flexibility. Currently, high capital costs are constraining the widespread commercialization of this system, which calls for the further enhancement of the output performance in its power units. The power output in a redox flow battery is greatly influenced by macro-to-micro mass transport and electrochemical reactions, which are coupled with each other and together determine the performance of the battery. Therefore, exploring how to achieve a coupled enhancement of transport and electrochemical properties rather than focusing solely on one aspect is a current area of interest. This perspective emphasizes the importance of simultaneously enhancing the transport and electrochemical properties of flow batteries and points out the challenges in this regard.